Authors: Feng Lan, Shuohua Tan*, & Hanxiong Li
Published Date: March 06, 2025
Cite: Lan, F., Tan, S., & Li, H. (2025). The impact of “poverty alleviation” on the income of urban and rural residents in state-level impoverished counties: Evidence from China. Crystal Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 1(1), 01-21.
Abstract
Due to the differences in the national conditions of different countries, the effectiveness of the exit mechanism of impoverished areas in other countries is still controversial. Therefore, based on the data of 832 state-level impoverished counties in China from 2013 to 2020, the research goal of this paper is to apply the Staggered DlD method to study the impact effect and mechanism of poverty alleviation in national impoverished counties on the income of urban and rural residents, which is of great significance to stimulate the income increase of impoverished The population. The results indicate that: (1) With the support of positive incentive policies and sound exit mechanisms, after poverty alleviation, the two-way fixed effect model shows that the income of urban and rural residents in China's poverty alleviation counties has a significant growth effect. (2) In addition, there is regional heterogeneity in the growth effect of urban and rural residents' income in impoverished counties, which generally presents the differentiation pattern of “high at the eastern and western ends, low in the middle” and “high in the south, low in the north”. (3) Further analysis using the generalized synthetic control method confirms the effectiveness of the poverty alleviation policy. (4) The influence mechanism of poverty alleviation on urban and rural residents' income is heterogeneous, in which levels of agricultural mechanization, education, social welfare, and local financial hematopoietic capacity have significant promotion effects on the income of urban and rural residents in impoverished counties. The research in this paper not only enriches the research content and realistic path of consolidating China's poverty alleviation achievements but also makes certain theoretical and practical contributions to the revitalization and development of China’s once-impoverished countries.
Keywords
Poverty Alleviation; The Income of Urban and Rural Residents; The Staggered DID Method
Authors: Andrejs Veisbergs*
Published Date: August 15, 2025
Cite: Veisbergs, A. (2025). Wordplay in simultaneous interpreting. Crystal Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 1(1), 01-08.
Abstract
Wordplay is any adaptation or use of words to achieve a humorous, ironic, satirical, dramatic, critical, or other effect. Many cognitive aspects of wordplay are still unclear, confounded by the variety of wordplay types and language peculiarities. Interpreting wordplay frequently creates insurmountable difficulties, which can be a traumatising experience (especially for novices without experience and knowledge of interpretation strategies). Occurrence of wordplay by way of over-focusing may also lead to serious spill-over problems and possible failure in the following interpretation.
Success in interpreting wordplay depends on the textual situation, broad linguistic and extralinguistic background knowledge, experience, knowledge of wordplay interpreting techniques, specific language-pair peculiarities, the “right turn of mind” for wordplay interpretation. Interpreters have to consider the different frames of reference of the language carriers. In contrast to translation the interpreter often faces an as yet unknown sequential development, sometimes it is unclear whether the wordplay is intentional or accidental or interpreter’s fancy. There are tight limits for understanding/processing/reformulation. The interpreter can overlook the wordplay (under-read it) and also over-read (see wordplay when it in fact does not exist). There may occasionally be an unintentional wordplay in the interpreter’s output.
What has to be decided fast is whether wordplay is deliberate or a fruit of interpreter’s fancy, if it can be retained, whether it is important for the message, how much time and effort can be given to the problem, choosing between alternative variants (if one’s brain generates them), how much of what might come later can be anticipated, e.g. wordplay could roll on and by making an early and limiting choice, further possibilities can be eliminated. The strategies practised in rendering wordplay include use of equivalent/analogue, calque, extension, substitution, omission, metalinguistic comment, omission. Within these f ixed delimitations and interpretation constraints the interpreter has some freedom. The interpreter should consider and assess the overall effect and importance of wordplay in context as well as the possible cognitive effect and perception scope of his/her customers and the cultural dimension of wordplay. Optimum relevance in recreating the cognitive effect intended by the speaker should be sought with the lowest processing effort. The multitude of variables faced within a limited time space exacts full concentration and split second decisions.
Keywords
Wordplay, Simultaneous Interpreting, Cognitive Processes, Interpretation Strategies, Relevance Theory
Authors: Oyindamola Omolara Ogunruku*
Published Date: November 04, 2025
Cite: Ogunruku, O. O. (2025). Towards a Feed-Forward Neural Network for Financial Fraud Detection. Crystal Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 1(1), 01-07.
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a feed-forward neural network model for the early detection and mitigation of fraudulent transactions in banking systems. Using synthetically generated data that mimics real-world class imbalance between legitimate and fraudulent activities, we build a binary classifier capable of distinguishing between the two with high accuracy. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 98%, with a recall of 84% for fraudulent transactions. Results indicate that simple yet well-structured deep learning architectures can effectively reduce false negatives—a critical factor in fraud detection. Visualization techniques including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) projection and confusion matrices were used to evaluate classification performance and feature space separation. The approach provides a scalable foundation for integrating AI into financial security pipelines and can serve as a core component of the Advanced Financial Risk Analytics and Management System (AFRAMES).
Keywords
Fraud Detection, Deep Neural Network, AFRAMES, Classification
Authors: Zhongchuang Liu, Khanh-Quang Tran, Muhammad Rizwan, Md. Azharul Islam, & Valentin Romanovski*
Published Date: November 06, 2025
Cite: Liu, Z., Tran, K. Q., Rizwan, M., Md. Islam, A., & Romanovski, V. (2025). Book review on carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Crystal Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 1(1), 01-04.
Abstract
This article is a Book Review of “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in China: Theory and Practice” co-authored by Dingming Xu, Jinliang Li, and Chunguang Sheng. The book analyzes how China might achieve its dual carbon commitments of peaking carbon emissions by 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality by 2060 amidst the escalating climate crisis. It is noted for its interdisciplinary approach, blending academic analysis with practical applications across three parts and nine chapters. The content covers the historical and legal context of the commitment, practical solutions across critical sectors like energy and industry, the importance of carbon sinks and carbon pricing mechanisms, and various case studies from China and abroad. While strong in its theory and macro-strategy, the review suggests it is less detailed on grassroots perspectives and the international carbon market. Overall, the book is considered an authoritative resource for understanding China's contribution to global decarbonization.
Keywords
Carbon Neutrality, Carbon Peaking, China (Dual Carbon Commitments), Decarbonization, Carbon Pricing (or Carbon Market)
