Authors: Amy Eisenberg, Ph.D.*
Published Date: October 05, 2026
Cite: Eisenberg, A. (2026). Evolution of Tracheary Elements and the Gnetophyta. Crystal Journal of Environmental Science, Innovation & Green Development, 2(5), 01-04.
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other dissolved or suspended substances, and is used in industrial processes for production of potable water.
RO retains the solute / large molecules on the pressurized side of the membrane and the purified solvent passes to the other side. R.O. differs from filtration in that the mechanism of fluid flow is reversed, as the solvent crosses membrane, leaving the solute behind. RO involves 56 solvent diffusion across a membrane that is either nonporous or uses nanofiltration with pores 0.001 micrometers in size.
Geothermal power plants use large volume of geothermal water. Brine or condensates are usually reinjected back into the reservoir as a way of disposing it or maintaining reservoir pressure. There have been cases of blockage in the reinjection wells, and scaling and corrosion in equipment caused by precipitation of salts out of the brine. This can be reduced by desalinizing the water through R.O. Therefore, after electricity production, the waste water, can be passed through an RO membrane to desalinize the water for recycling. The waters should undergo pre-treatment steps like filtration to remove larger particles that could clog the membrane.
A pump applies significant pressure to the geothermal water, overcoming the natural osmotic pressure and pushing the water through the membrane. The rejected contaminants, like salts and minerals, become increasingly concentrated on the “feed” side of the membrane, forming a brine that is typically disposed of or further treated depending on the application. Predicting and preventing sediment precipitation in membrane systems is a key aspect of their operation, therefore several commercially antiscalants are usually applied.
It is important to take care of the membrane by increasing its life span so as to serve the cause effectively.
Keywords
Reverse Osmosis, Geothermal, Membrane
Authors: Mohammad Taleghani*, & Mohammadreza Jabreilzadeh Sola
Published Date: September 21, 2026
Cite: Taleghani, M., & Sola, J. M. (2026). The Bleaching-autophagy theory of safety system collapse: Evidence from the Beirut (2020) and shahid Rajaee (2024) port disasters. Crystal Journal of Environmental Science, Innovation & Green Development, 2(5), 01-07.
Abstract
This study introduces the Bleaching-Autophagy Theory (BAT) as a novel biological framework for understanding catastrophic industrial safety failure. Drawing on the biological processes of coral bleaching and cellular autophagy, BAT posits that organizations under sustained production pressure first expel their safety culture (bleaching) and then consume their safety structure (autophagy), leaving a formally intact but functionally dead safety system. Through a comparative case study of the Beirut port explosion (August 4, 2020) and the Shahid Rajaee port explosion (April 26, 2024), the theory is inductively developed and illustrated. The analysis reveals that both disasters followed a sequential trajectory: symbiotic safety culture loss followed by structural self-consumption, resulting in organizations that appeared institutionally alive but were biologically incapable of responding to minimal triggers. Four theoretical propositions are advanced to guide future empirical testing.
Keywords
Bleaching-Autophagy Theory, Safety System Collapse, Coral Bleaching, Autophagy, Organizational Decay, Catastrophic Failure, Beirut Explosion, Shahid Rajaee Explosion, Port Safety
Authors: Brownie Ebal*
Published Date: September 09, 2026
Cite: Ebal, B. (2026). Embedding environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles in public water utilities for public health and climate-resilient development: the NWSC experience in Uganda. Crystal Journal of Environmental Science, Innovation & Green Development, 2(5), 01-05.
Abstract
Background: Public water utilities influence public health through safe water supply, sanitation, wastewater management, environmental protection, and inclusive service delivery. Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles provide a useful framework for examining how such utilities integrate sustainability, social responsibility, and institutional accountability. Objective: This paper examines how the National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) embeds ESG principles to advance inclusive and climate-resilient development in Uganda.
Methods: A qualitative institutional case study and policy analysis approach was used. Data were drawn from NWSC integrated annual reports, corporate governance frameworks, environmental management programmes, institutional publications, sector reports, and observational insights from programme implementation between 2022 and 2025. A descriptive analysis was conducted around the environmental, social, and governance pillars.
Results: NWSC’s ESG-related practices include water source protection, tree planting, wastewater treatment, non-revenue water reduction, occupational health and safety, workforce development, community outreach, equitable service expansion, audited annual reporting, performance management, and structured corporate governance. Reported programme outputs include service provision in over 270 towns, service to about 18 million people, installation of more than 21,600 public standpipes, planting of more than 5.8 million trees, and wastewater treatment capacity of about 45,000 m3/day at Lubigi.
Conclusion: The NWSC experience demonstrates that ESG can be applied as a public-sector governance framework for strengthening environmental health, social inclusion, accountability, and climate-resilient water service delivery.
Keywords
Environmental, Social and Governance, Public Health, Water Utilities, Environmental Health, Climate Resilience, Water Governance, Uganda, NWSC
