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Crystal Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications - Article In Press

Articles In press
Exploration of the Solar Activity Indices Data with the Near Periodicities of its Synodical Rotation Period

Authors: Vitali Kavlashvili*

Published Date: 24 June, 2026

Cite: V. Kavlashvili, “Exploration of the Solar Activity Indices Data with the Near Periodicities of its Synodical Rotation Period,” Crystal Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–06, 2026.

Abstract
Discrete Fourier transforms were conducted for the solar activity indices such as solar daily sunspot numbers and daily measurements of the integrated emission from the solar disc at 2800 MHz (10.7cm wavelength) at the rising phase of solar activity in deferent epochs. Spectral analyses were carried out at the periods near the periodicity associated with the solar synodic rotation period ≈27 days.

The solar activity data were filtered against low and high frequencies to reveal more clearly the real periodicities in the researching intervals.

The special approach was developed to estimate the reality of the revealed frequencies. In the power spectrum of the solar activity indices. The adjusted to the power of the solar data random numbers were used to estimate frequency peaks in the power spectrum for the validation of the real physical processes in the solar activities and 99% confidence level was calculated for these frequencies.

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Preventive Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Apple Varieties and Hybrids and Sources of Late Apple Flowering

Authors: Bucarciuc V*, De Lapparent E, Mădălina Militaru, & Cozmic R

Published Date: 20 June, 2026

Cite: Bucarciuc V, De Lapparent E, Mădălina Militaru, & Cozmic R. Preventive Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Apple Varieties and Hybrids and Sources of Late Apple Flowering. Crystal Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 01-10, 2026.

Abstract
In the context of climate change, water scarcity is one of the most pressing threats to global agricultural production, especially the increasing demand for food in connection with the growing population. In recent years, frequent droughts have occurred not only in arid areas but also in regions where this natural calamity was quite rare and short-lived. Thus, in many areas of successful cultivation of apple varieties, droughts have occurred more often and for longer periods. At the same time, global warming causes trees to bloom much earlier, which leads to the exposure of fruit plantations, including apple ones, to the devastating action of late spring frosts and frosts. The Republic of Moldova is also subject to such devastating natural trials more and more frequently. Climate change, leading to global warming, requires the creation of varieties that combine drought resistance in the same genotype and, to avoid late spring frosts, later and longer flowering of trees.
 
Keywords
Drought, Apple, Resistance, Cultivars, Hibrids, Flovering, Republic of Moldova, France, Romania
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Structural Changes – Theories and Tendencies

Authors: Dr. Adrienn Czárl*

Published Date: 12 May, 2026

Cite: A. Czárl, “Structural Changes – Theories and Tendencies,” Crystal Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 01–08, 2026.

Abstract
The structural transformation of the national economy has been a defining process in the development of the world economy since the Industrial Revolution. The relative proportions of economic sectors (agriculture, industry, services) reflect not only economic but also social, political and technological changes, and are considered a spectacular area of study. The aim of this study is to present the theoretical models of economic restructuring, and then, using the example of Hungary, to explain how the sectoral structure (GDP, Employment) of the national economy has changed over the past 120 years and how this aligns with international trends (comparing four selected countries). The main goal is to detect whether there is further labor force to fuel the growth. The study is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, using GDP and employment rate correlation to define the hidden potentials of the sectors. I presented the data based on economic structural theories and relevant literature sources, with particular attention to the hidden productivity. A forecast was also part of the analysis for the upcoming 10 years using 3 scenarios as possible outcome for Hungary.

Keywords
Growth, Sectors, Transformation, Trends

JEL Classification: F43, N10, J11, L16

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